Most writers know to check spelling at the end. Fewer do a pass that asks whether the piece works at all.
What a structural edit is
It is a read-through that looks at the big picture: the argument, the order, the gaps and the repetition. You are not fixing words yet.
Read for the main point
Summarise the piece in one sentence. If you cannot, the writing may not have a clear focus. Cut anything that does not serve it.
Check the order
Would the reader understand sections in a different sequence? Move parts around until the flow feels natural.
Look for gaps
Where might a reader ask “why?” or “how?” Add the missing explanation or example.
Remove repetition
Many drafts make the same point twice in different places. Keep the stronger version.
Check the opening and ending
The opening should tell readers why to continue, and the ending should leave them with something useful.
Then edit sentences
Only after the structure is sound should you refine sentences and words. Polishing a paragraph that you later cut is wasted effort.
